DienBienPhuwasthesiteofamajorFrenchdefeat(1954)intheFirstIndochinaWar,andwasoftremendoushistoricalsignificance.TheFrenchdefeathereledtotheircompletewithdrawlfromtheircoloniesinIndochina,andthedivisionofVietnamintoNorthandSouth.ThebattleofDienBienPhuisdescribedbyhistoriansas:thefirsttimethatanon-EuropeancolonialindependencemovementhadevolvedthroughallthestagesfromguerrillabandstoaconventionallyorganizedandequippedarmyabletodefeatamodernWesternoccupierinpitchedbattle.Assuch,ithadamassiveeffectonworldpolitics,inspiringotherindependancemovementsandspuringaperiodofdecolonization,particularlyinFrenchruledAfrica(wheremanyofthetroopswhofoughtfortheFrenchhadbeenrecruitedfrom).Nowadays,DienBienPhuisarelativelyquiettown,withapopulationofapproximately100,000.Itactsasaregionalhubfortheprovince'stradeandtransportation.Thetownisalsonotableforitshighproportionofethnicminorities;onlyonethirdofresidentsareethnicallyVietnamese.Itisacommonsighttoseeminoritywomenwearingtraditionaldress,particularlyintheareaaroundthebusstation.
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