福州文廟

20230510下午：1、“福州文廟”是古代福州的文化中心。始建於唐大曆七年（772年），次年移入現址，最初為學宮，北宋太平興國三年（987年）改為文廟，現存建築是清咸豐元至四年（1851-1854年）重建的，是福州現存最大的晚清建築，又稱“孔廟”、“仙師廟”、“聖人殿”。文廟是二進院落，入園免費。①地址：福建省福州市鼓樓區聖廟路10號。②交通：公交直達，開車也很好停。③旺季：無。④用時：1小時。⑤注意事項：周一閉館。2、一進院面積不大，院內有：①欞星門：孔廟大門，與“曲阜孔廟”（5A）相同，但是不見牌匾，相傳欞星是天上文星，欞星門寓意國家人才輩出，祭祀孔子的規格也如同祭天。②泮池：古代上學叫“入泮”，學校叫“泮宮”，泮池上的“泮橋”也稱“狀元橋”、“跨鰲橋”，只有考取功名的學子才能走，否則只能走兩邊。泮池一般為半圓形，寓意“學無止境”，池中中有很多烏龜，不乏大個兒的。眼下泮池是2000年建造。③大成門：各地孔廟均有大成門，門上共7×7=49顆門釘是公爵規制。④鄉賢祠：大成門西側，主祀古代福州當地的賢人。目前不開放。⑤名宦祠：大成門東側，主祀古代福州本地政績突出的官吏。目前不開放。兩祠原是一棟建築，始建於北宋初年，據《三山志》記載最早祠堂里供奉陳襄、鄭穆、劉彝、周希孟、陳烈，也稱“五賢堂”，后逐漸增加至13人，後來分開。3、二進院很寬闊，主殿“大成殿”在唐代初建時稱為“文宣王殿”，因宋徽宗趙佶尊崇孔子為“集古聖先賢之大成”，故而在宋崇寧二年（1104年）更名大成殿。殿內主祀孔子，兩側的“四配”是顏回、子思、曾參、孟子，三面牆邊立有72賢人雕塑。房樑上高懸清朝皇帝賜予的6副巨匾，包括康熙御書“萬世師表”、雍正帝御書“生民未有”、乾隆帝的“與天地參”、嘉慶帝的“聖集大成”、道光帝的“聖協時中”、咸豐帝的“德齊幬載”。實際御賜匾額數量遠多於6副，曲阜孔廟的大成殿里掛得較全。二進院周圍還有：①佾台：大成殿下的台座，是每年祭孔時奏樂和歌舞的地方。②東廡/西廡：古時用來祭祀先賢先儒，目前分別用作《福州古代教育史展》和《孔樂文化展》，用圖文、模型、布景、蠟像、影音等多種形式介紹儒家文化、科舉文化、祭孔文化等。4、至此遊覽結束，仔細閱讀文字展覽的話用時1小時，否則20分鐘便可逛完。繼續前往附近的“林則徐紀念館”。

福州文廟就在烏塔對面的，去的時候要避開周一閉館時間。內部主建築大成殿，看起來還是比較大氣的，相關的禮器、樂器、祭器，據說是仿照於北京文廟的，呈清代文廟規格樣式。文廟靠近三坊七巷，可以留點時來這裏参觀下。

再訪福州文廟，卻忘了周一閉館。幸好留宿福州，周二再去，果是開門了。福州文廟是福建主要文廟建築之一，位於三坊七巷附近，和烏塔隔着一馬路。這裏從唐朝就有了，如今建築是清代時期修復的。大成殿極其左右走廊終點看看。

Fuzhou Confucian Temple is located on Shengmiao Road in Fuzhou City. It takes the subway to "Nanmen Du" Station. The exit is not far away. It takes about 35 minutes to walk across the road from the Confucian Temple (817 North Road) to the south end of Sanfang Qixiang "Lin Zexu Memorial Hall". Confucian temple, also known as Confucian temple, is not only a sacrificial hall for famous thinkers and educators Confucius, but also a place for ancient Chinese cultural education and imperial examination. In the old days, Confucian temples were classified as "holy places" and the East and West Palace gates were marked with dismounting tablets. " The existing Confucius Temple was rebuilt in the Xianfeng year of the Qing Dynasty. The main hall "Dacheng Hall" in the temple worshipped Confucius "Shishi Biao" and the inscription tablets of emperors of the Qing Dynasty hung above the hall. The statue of Confucius is flanked by four of Confucius's most outstanding disciples, namely "Rehabilitation Yanzi, Zongsheng Zengzi, Saint Sizi and Assaint Mencius. Behind the four disciples were 72 wise men of Confucius. The boxes on both sides of the Dacheng Hall are now exhibition rooms, which display : ancient education in Fuzhou, Confucian temples in Fujian, academicians of modern Fuzhou nationality, etc. Fujian has been praised as "Zoulu on the seashore" "a famous state of Neo-Confucianism" in history. Respecting Confucius and respecting religion prevailed in the land of Fujian. In ancient times, there was a glorious historical record of three families and three champions in succession. Nowadays, it has the reputation of "Academician City". At present, there are 67 academicians of Fuzhou nationality among the academicians of "Academician City" in China, ranking in the forefront of cities in the country.

福州文廟，佔地7500多平方米，最初建在福州城西北，唐代移建到現在的聖廟路。作為福州市區現存最大清晚期官式建築，福州府文廟主體建築大成殿具有清代古樸典雅的特點，建築用材碩大，保存完好。大成殿、藻井、月台體現本地特色，富有很高藝術價值。

福州文廟按建築中軸線自南而北，依次為外門埕、欞星門、泮池、泮橋，左右有廊對列，大成門門樓廳，東、西殿廡對列，鄉賢祠、名宦祠，埕、月台，大成殿和后照壁等。大成殿面闊七間，進深四間，重檐歇山面。